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A football is used to play one of the different sports known as football. Each different code of football uses a different ball which belong to one of two different basic shapes: more...
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a sphere used in association football (soccer) as well as Gaelic football;;
a prolate spheroid, which may be either:
those with more rounded ends used in rugby union, rugby league and Australian football;
the more pointed type used in American football and Canadian football;
;
Association football (soccer)
- See also: History of association football balls
Dimensions
The ball used in football (soccer) is called a football (or soccer ball). Law 2 of the game specifies that the ball is an air-filled sphere with a circumference of 68–70 cm (or 27–28 inches), a weight of 410–450 g (or 14–16 ounces), inflated to a pressure of 60–110 kPa (or 8.5–15.6 psi), and covered in leather or \"other suitable material\". The weight specified for a ball is the dry weight: older balls often became significantly heavier in the course of a match played in wet weather. The standard ball is a Size 5. Smaller sizes exist; Size 3 is standard for team handball; others are used in underage games or as novelty items.
Construction
Most modern footballs are stitched from 32 panels of waterproofed leather or plastic: pigskin, 12 regular pentagons and 20 regular hexagons. The 32-panel configuration is similar to the polyhedron known as the truncated icosahedron, except that it is more spherical, because the faces bulge due to the pressure of the air inside. The first 32-panel ball was marketed by Select in the 1950s in Denmark. This configuration became common throughout Continental Europe in the 1960s, and was publicised worldwide by the Adidas Telstar, the official ball of the 1970 World Cup.
Older balls were usually stitched from 18 oblong non-waterproof leather panels, similar to the design of modern volleyballs and Gaelic footballs, and laced to allow access to the internal air bladder. This configuration is still common.
The official FIFA World Cup football for Germany 2006 matches was the 14-panel Adidas +Teamgeist. It was made in Thailand by Adidas, who have provided the official match balls for the tournament since 1970, and is a \"thermally bonded\" machine-pressed ball, rather than a traditionally stitched one. For future world cups, FIFA is hoping to alternate between Nike and Adidas for match balls.
Read more at Wikipedia.org
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